Sablon:program execution

program execution
general concepts
code translation compiler compile time optimizing compiler execution runtime system executable interpreter virtual machine intermediate representation (ir)
types of code
source code object code bytecode machine code microcode
compilation strategies
ahead-of-time (aot) just-in-time (jit) tracing just-in-time compile and go system precompilation transcompilation recompilation
Notable runtimes
Android Runtime (ART) BEAM (Erlang) Common Language Runtime (CLR) and Mono CPython and PyPy crt0 (C target-specific initializer) Java virtual machine (JVM) LuaJIT Objective-C and Swift's V8 and Node.js Zend Engine (PHP)
Notable compilers & toolchains
GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) LLVM and Clang MSVC Glasgow Haskell Compiler (GHC)