Függelék:Török szavak

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Arabic loan words

Despite the expulsion of numerous Arabic words, Turkish still has a substential number of Arabic loan words that are used in the language today. However, some words have gone through phonetic changes in Turkish in order to accomodate the vowel harmony.

• Some Arabic loan words are:

Word in Arabic	Word in Turkish	English meaning	Remarks
marhabā	merhaba	hello
sīfr	sıfır	zero
zāmān	zaman	time
kitāb	kitap	book
tesellī	teselli	condolence
beyāz	beyaz	white	the Turkish word ak is also used, but not as often as [[beyaz.
tehluke	tehlike	danger
tehdid	tehdit	menace
tacīz	taciz	harass
nufūs	nüfus	population
mezār	mezar	grave
cenāze	cenaze	funeral
miza:h	mizah	humor
mute:ahhid	müteahhit	contractor	the new suggested Turkish word is üstenci, but this word is seldom used.
resmī	resmi	formal
ciddī	ciddi	serious
kināye	kinaye	sarcasm
iltifāt	iltifat	compliment
iltihāb	iltihap	infection
fikra	fıkra	anectode
iflās	iflâs	bankruptcy
ikrām	ikram	offer, give	especially used when offering guests something to eat as courtesy
itirāf	itiraf	admit
itibār	itibar	impression
iftirā	iftira	blame	especially used when blaming someone else for what the person has done.
fāre	fare	mouse
fark	fark	difference
hazīne	hazine	treasure
hāzīr	hazır	ready
hayvān	hayvan	animal
derece	derece	degree
hafif	hafif	light (the opposite of heavy)
mevsim	mevsim	season
temyīz	temiz	clean	the word temyiz is also used in Turkish, but in the meaning of objection to a court's decision
temsīl	temsil	represent
dikkat	dikkat	caution
cezā	ceza	punishment
cevz	ceviz	walnut
cumhūriyyet	cumhuriyet	republic
fazla	fazla	many, too
hīle	hile	cheat
lezzet	lezzet	taste
dāire	daire	circle
fahişe	fahişe	whore
hevāa	hava	air
sāhīfe	sayfa	page	in Arabic, sāhīfe ("pages") is the plural of sūhūf, meaning "page." In Turkish sayfa is used as singular.
iknā	ikna	persuade
sufre	sofra	(laid) table (to eat)
iāde	iade	return
resm	resim	picture, painting
sākin	sakin	calm
kirmizi	kırmızı	red	the Turkish word al is also used, but rarely
lutfen	lütfen	please
matbah	mutfak	kitchen
tecāvuz	tecavüz	rape
merkez	merkez	center
merāk	merak	curiousity	also means "being interested in"
masdar	mastar	infinitive form of verb
manzara	manzara	scenery
mādde	madde	material
mācerā	macera	adventure
hisāb	hesap	calculation
hikāaye	hikâye	story
mendīl	mendil	kerchief
meşgūl	meşgul	busy
ders	ders	lesson
hakāret	hakaret	insult
kūfr	küfür	swear, curse
abdāl	aptal	stupid
zevk	zevk	pleasure
zaif	zayıf	thin (used for persons)
zevāl	zaval'''lı'''	pathetic(adj)	in Turkish the suffix -lı]] is used to derive adjectives from nouns
zarf	zarf	envelope
zekā	zekâ	intelligence
zekī	zeki	smart, intelligent
zarār	zarar	loss, damage
sāniye	saniye	second (as in time)
sanāayi	sanayi	industry
san:at	sanat	art
zātu'r-rie	zatürre	pneunomia
tāc	taç	crown
inşāāt	inşaat	construction
irk	ırk	ethnicity
intihār	intihar	suicade
redd	ret	reject
kabūl	kabul	accept
itirāz	itiraz	objection
insān	insan	human
muhendis	mühendis	engineer
sikāyet	şikâyet	complain
işgāl	işgal	occupy (a country as in a war)
itfāiyye	itfaiye	fire station

Replaced old words

Here are some examples of the old (Arabic origin) words with their new Turkish equivalents:

Old word	New Turkish word	English meaning	Remarks
muharebe, harp, cenk '***'	savaş	war
sulh	barış	piece
imkân '*'	olanak	opportunity, possibility
şimal	kuzey	north
kıble	güney	south
şark	doğu	east
garp	batı	west
meridyen*	boylam	longtitude	the old word is French origin
paralel*	enlem	latitude	the old word is French origin
Teşrini Evvel	Ekim	October
Teşrini Sani	[[Kasım	November
Kanuni Evvel	Aralık	December
Kanuni Sani	Ocak	January
tayyare	uçak	airplane
lûgat	sözlük	dictionary
kelime '*'	sözcük	word
lâtife	şaka	joke
lüzum '*'	gerek	necessary
evrak '*'	belge	paper document	in Arabic, evrāk is the plural of vārāk, in Turkish evrak is used as singular
tebdil	değişiklik	change
teadül	denklik	equivalence
teamül	tepkime, davranış	reaction, behavior
muvaffakiyet	başarı	success
nikâh '*'	düğün	wedding
nispet	oran	ratio
tasvir	betimleme	description
lisan	dil	language
zor*,***, müşkül	çetin**	difficult
hücum '*'	saldırı	attack
müsvedde	taslak	draft
misal	örnek	example
misafir '*'	konuk	guest
hediye '*'	armağan	gift
vazife '*'	görev	task, mission
mütehassıs	uzman	expert
müteferrik	dağınık	untidy
müsabaka	karşılaşma	match
mecbur '*'	zorunlu	must, obligation	both the new and the old words can be used as noun or adjective
husus	konu	subject
iptidaî	ilkel	primitive
hâkim '*'	yargıç	judge
zamir '*'	adıl '**'	pronoun
hakikat	gerçek	reality
hafıza '*'	bellek '**'	memory
hadım	kısır	impotent
hikmet	sebep	reason
hilâf	karşıt	opposite
güzide '***'	seçkin	elite
mâni	engel	obstacle
sıhhat	sağlık	health
mütalâa	düşünce	thought
iftihar	övünme	praisal
isim '*'	ad	name
ihtiyat	yedek	backup	This word has other meanings in Turkish, which are sometimes used in the language
fiil '*'	eylem	verb
muhteviyat	içindekiler	ingredients
ilham*	esin	inspiration
talebe	öğrenci	student
hoca '*'	öğretmen	teacher
reis	başkan	president
tabiat '*'	doğa	nature
mübalağa	abartma	exaggeration
kâinat	evren	universe
mesut	mutlu	happy
mevkiî, mekân	yer, konum	location
sohbet*	söyleşi	chat	the new word is used in somewhat different contexts
tembih*	uyarı	warning
tebrik*	kutlama	congratulate	the new word also means to [[celebrate
tecelli	belirme	emerge
istisna	aykırı	exception
tavsiye*	öneri	suggestion
telâş*	tasa,kaygı	worry
tekâmül	evrim, başkalaşım	maturation, metamorphosis
tekaüt	emekli	retired
maaş *	aylık **	salary
masraf*	gider	cost
meydan*, saha	alan**	open area	while the new word is used mainly in mathematics (as in area of a triangle), it is seldom used in the same meanings of the old words.
meyil	eğim	slant
meyil	eğilim	tendency
ebedî	sonsuz	forever
meşhur *	ünlü	famous
ecel	ölüm	death
ecdat	ata	ancestry
nasihat	öğüt	advice, counsel
netice	sonuç	result
miskin	uyuşuk	supine
müzmin	süreğen	cronic	the new word is seldom used
tembel *,***	haylaz	lazy
nefes*	soluk	breath
müdahale*	karışma	intervention
müdafaâ	koruma	sustain, protect
münasebet*	ilişki	relation
nihayet *	son(unda)	final(ly)
nağme	ezgi	melody
evvel	önce	before
tamir*, tadilat*	onarım	renovation
hayat*, ömür*	yaşam	life
müsamaâ	hoşgörü	tolerance
vakâ	olay	event
muhakkak*	kesin(likle)	certain(ly)
mutedil	ılım(lı)	moderate(ly)
bariz*	kesin,belli	obvious
tecrübe *	deneyim	experience
irtifa	yükseklik	altitude	the old word is only used in aviation, as in "the altitude of the plane"
müsaade	izin	permission
çehre	yüz	face
şatafat(lı)	gösteriş(li)	spectacular (noun and adjective)
kafiye	uyak	rhyme
gayri	olmayan,başka	non-, other	in Arabic, "gayri" is a prefix which means non- as in "he is a non-muslim"; "he is not a muslim"
tasdik	onay	approve
mevhum	kavram	concept
tabir, ifade*	deyiş**	narration
kısım	bölüm	part
nafile	boşuna	futile
meşrubat	içecek	beverage
kifayet	yeter	enough

(* Old words that are still used in modern Turkish together with their new Turkish words.)

(** Words that are not as frequently used as the old words.)

(*** Old words that are Persian origin.)

Persian loan words

• Though not as many as Arabic, Turkish still has a large number of Persian loan words. Some are:

Word in Persian	Word in Turkish	English meaning	Remarks
kūr	kör	blind
pervāne	pervane	propeller
perde	perde	curtain
perçīn	perçin	rivet, clinch bolt
bāzār	[[pazar [[	sunday, bazaar
bādingān	patlıcan	eggplant	the original word is Persian, but Turkish borrowed this word through Arabic
raspi	orospu	whore
penjerd	pezevenk	pimp
bādām	badem	almond
pūl	pul	stamp
but	put	statue
āheng	ahenk	harmony
bād-ı hevā	bedava	free
gireç	kireç	lime
hefte	hafta	week
haste	hasta	sick
haste-hāne	hastane	hospital
āteş	ateş	fire
horūs	horoz	cock, rooster
hīç	hiç	nothing, never
bahār	bahar	spring	'spring' and 'fall' in Turkish are rather expressed by the compound words ilk'''bahar''' and son'''bahar''', the word ilk meaning 'first', the word son meaning [['last
legleg	leylek	stork
gūşe	köşe	corner
kūy	köy	village
gūnah	günah	sin
şobān	çoban	shepherd
cuft	çift	double, couple
cevān-merd	cömert	generous
çenber	çember	circle
çengāl	çengel	hook
kulāh	külah	cone
kūşk	köşk	small palace
siyāh	siyah	black	the word kara is also used, but not as often
çāp-ū-rāst	çapraz	cross, across
cāme-şūy	çamaşır	laundry
çāre	çare	solution
çāder-i şeb	çarşaf	linen
çār-sū	çarşı	mall
Çār-şenbe	Çarşamba	Wednesday
Pencşenbe	Perşembe	Thursday
panbuk	pamuk	cotton
pārçe	parça	piece
pence	pençe	paw
pencere	pencere	window
penbe	pembe	pink
perişān	perişan	pitiful, pathetic
kār	kâr	profit
nerdubān	merdiven	staircase
servān	serüven	adventure
reng	renk	color
muhr	mühür	seal, signet
zēhr	zehir	poison
mujde	müjde	good news
şeker	şeker	sugar

French loan words

• Turkish, like many other Indo-European languages, has also borrowed significant number of words from French. Note that most of the words are similar to English. Some French loan words are:

Word in French	Word in Turkish	English meaning	Remarks
abonné	abone	subscriber
Allemand	Alman	German
amphithéâtre	amfi	amphitheater	in Turkish only the abbreviated form is used
amibe	amip	ameba
analyse	analiz	analyze
bouquet	buket	bouquet
équipe	ekip	team	the Turkish word takım is also used, but in different contexts
Briscambille	iskambil	card deck
liqueur	likör	liquor
stagiaire	stajer	intern
stage	staj	internship
chantage	şantaj	blackmail
chance	şans	luck, chance
dactylo	daktilo	typewriter
rendez-vous	randevu	appointment
portrait	portre	portrait
autobus	otobüs	bus
automatique	otomatik	automatic
cravate	kravat	tie
télégraphe	telgraf	telegraph
télévision	televizyon	television
téléphone	telefon	telephone
visa	vize	visa
virage	viraj	curve, bend (in a road)
tourisme	turizm	tourism
plage	plâj	beach
pièce	piyes	play (theater)
élastique	lastik	rubber
caricature	karikatür	caricature
manchette	manşet	headlines
lycée	lise	high school
camion	kamyon	truck