अ-, (a-,) an- (prefix) un-, in-, non-, -less
अकीर्ति (akīrti) (f.) shame, disgrace
अग्नि (agni) (m.) fire
अङ्ग (aṅga) (n.) limb
अचक्षुस् (acakṣus) (adj.) blind
अचिरात् (acirāt) (indc.) soon
अञ्जलि (añjali) (m.) gesture of reverence (placing ones hands together)
अतः (ataḥ) (indc.) from this (place/time/reason)
अति (ati) (preverb) across, over, beyond; prefix in nominal compounds: very, exceedingly
अत्र (atra) (indc.) here; now
अथ (atha) (indc.) then; and
√अद् (ad) (II अत्ति (atti)) to eat (ta-ptc. anna-)
अदसद्य (adasadya) (indc.) –› asau/adastoday
अधि (adhi) (preverb) above, over, on, onto
अधिपति (adhipati) (m.) king
अधुना (adhunā) (indc.) now
अनिल (anila) (m.) wind
अनु (anu) (preverb) after, along, towards
अन्त (anta) (m.) end; death
अन्तक (antaka) (m.) death (–› anta-)
अन्तर् (antar) (preverb) between, among, within
अन्तरिक्षग (antarikṣaga) (m.) bird
अन्तिम (antima) (adj.) final, last (–› anta-)
अन्न (anna) (n.) food
अन्य (anya) (pron.) (an)other
अन्योन्य (anyonya) (adj.) one another, mutual; often used adverbially
अप (apa) (preverb) away, off
अपि (api) (indc.) at beginning of sentence: marks sentence as a yes/no question; (postposed) even, also; turns question pronoun into an indefinite
अपि (api) (preverb) onto, close to
अ-प्रज (a-praja) (adj.) childless
अप्सरस् (apsaras) (f.) heavenly nymph
अभि (abhi) (preverb) to, against
अमर (amara) (adj.) immortal; (m.) god
अयम् (ayam) this; that
अरि (ari) (adj.) hostile; (m.) enemy
√अर्चऋच् (arcaṛc) (I अर्चति (arcati)) to shine; to praise
आर्जुन (ārjuna) (m.) principal character in the Mahābhārata
अर्थ (artha) (m.) purpose, aim, object
अर्थे (arthe) for the purpose/sake of
√अर्ह् (arh) (I अर्हति (arhati)) to be required to do; to be able to; one should, ought (+ inf.)
अर्ह (arha) (adj.) proper, appropriate for (+ gen.); required, obliged to (+ inf.)
अलम् (alam) (indc.) enough of; no more… (+ instr.)
अल्प (alpa) (adj.) small
अव (ava) (preverb) down, off
अश्रु (aśru) (n.) tear (as in crying)
अश्व (aśva) (m.) horse
अष्ट-ई (aṣṭa-ī) (num.) eight
√अस् (as) (II अस्ति (asti)) to be
असुर (asura) (m.) demon
असौअदस् (asauadas) (pron.) that
अस्वेद (asveda) (adj.) without sweat (a characteristic of the gods)
अहम् (aham) (pron.) I (nom. sg.)
अहि (ahi) (m.) snake
आ (ā) (preverb) to, hither
आचार्य (ācārya) (m.) teacher
आत्मन् (ātman) (m.) soul, self ; oneself (used as reflexive pronoun)
आदि (ādi) (m.) beginning
आदित्य (āditya) (m.) sun
√आप् (āp) (V आप्नोति (āpnoti)) to get, reach
प्रआप् (praāp) (प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti)) to get, reach
आपद् (āpad) (f.) misfortune, accident
आशा (āśā) (f.) hope; desire, wish
आशु (āśu) (adj.) swift
आश्रम (āśrama) (m.) hermitage (–› ashram)
√आस् (ās) (II आस्ते (āste)) to sit
आसन (āsana) (n.) seat; sitting
आसीन (āsīna) pres. mid. ptc of √ās
√इ (i) (II एति (eti)) to go
इच्छति (icchati) –› √iṣ
इतः (itaḥ) (indc.) from this (time/space/reason); now
इति (iti) (indc.) marks the end of a clause, quotation or thought
इदम् (idam) –› ayam
इन्द्रिय (indriya) (n.) sense; desire
इमम, (imama,) ime –› ayam
इयम् (iyam) –› ayam
इव (iva) (indc.) as, like (postposed, used in comparisons)
√इष् (iṣ) (VI इच्छति (icchati)) to want, wish (ta-ptc. iṣṭa-)
इषु (iṣu) (m.) arrow
इह (iha) (indc.) here
√ईक्ष् (īkṣ) (I ईक्षते (īkṣate)) to see
ईदृश-, (īdṛśa-,) -ī (adj.) such
ईश (īśa) (m.) lord, master
ईश्वर (īśvara) (m.) master, lord
उक्त (ukta) ta-ptc. of √vac to say: having been said/spoken to/addressed
उक्त्वा (uktvā) abs. of √vac to say: having said
उग्र (ugra) (adj.) fierce, terrible
उत्तम (uttama) (pron. or pron. adj.) highest (lit. up-most)
उत्तर (uttara) (pron. or pron. adj.) later; superior, higher
उद् (ud) (preverb) up, out
उदक (udaka) (n.) water
उप (upa) (preverb) to, towards
उभ (ubha) (adj.) both (only in dual)
उवाच (uvāca) perf. of √वच्
उषस् (uṣas) (f.) dawn
√ऋचअर्च् (ṛcaarc) (I अर्चति (arcati)) to shine; praise
ऋषभ (ṛṣabha) (m.) bull
ऋषि (ṛṣi) (m.) seer; poet
एक (eka) (pron. adj.) one, single; only; pl.: ones, some
एकदा (ekadā) (indc.) once, at one time
एतद् (etad) (pron.) stem form of eṣa- used in compounds
एव (eva) (indc.) alone, only, just (postposed; emphasises what precedes)
एवम् (evam) (indc.) thus, so
एष-एतद् (eṣa-etad) (pron.) this, that
ओजस् (ojas) (n.) power, strength
क (ka) question pronoun: who? what?
कतर (katara) (pron. or pron. adj.) which (of two)?
√कथ् (kath) (X कथयति (kathayati)) to tell, talk about
कथम् (katham) (indc.) how?
कथा (kathā) (f.) story
कद् (kad) (pron.) stem form of ka- used in compounds
कदा (kadā) (indc.) when?
कन्या (kanyā) (f.) girl; daughter
√कम् (kam) (X कामयति (kāmayati)) to love
√कम्प् (kamp) (I कम्पति (kampati)) to tremble
-कर (-kara) (ifc) making, causing; one who makes
करोति (karoti) he does
कर्मन् (karman) (n.) doing, action
कवि (kavi) (adj.) wise; (m.) sage, seer, poet
√काङ्क्ष् (kāṅkṣ) (I काङ्क्षति (kāṅkṣati)) to long for, to wait for
काम (kāma) (m.) love, desire, wish
काल (kāla) (m.) (the right) time
किम् (kim) what? why? (nom.acc. sg. ntr of kaḥ) used at beg. of sentence to indicate a yes/no question
कीर्ति (kīrti) (f.) fame, good reputation
कुतः (kutaḥ) (indc.) from which (time/place/reason) –› why?, wherefrom
कुत्र (kutra) (indc.) where?
√कुप् (kup) (IV कुप्यति (kupyati)) to be angry
कुमार (kumāra) (m.) young man; prince
कुल (kula) (n.) family
कुशल (kuśala) (adj.) able, clever
√कृ (kṛ) (V करोति (karoti)) to do, make
अलम्कृ (alamkṛ) to decorate, adorn
√कृत् (kṛt) (VI कृन्तति (kṛntati), -te; I कर्तति (kartati)) to cut
-कृत् (-kṛt) (ifc) making, causing; one who makes
कृत (kṛta) ta-ptc. of √kṛ to do, make: having been done/made
कृताञ्जलि (kṛtāñjali) (adj) putting ones hands together (lit. bahuvrīhi whose añjali is made)
कृत्वा (kṛtvā) absolutive of √kṛ to do, make
कृत्स्न (kṛtsna) (adj.) whole, entire, all
√कᳵप् (kaxp) (I कल्पते (kalpate)) to be suitable, ready (for: + loc. or dat.)
केश (keśa) (m.) hair; mane
कोप (kopa) (m.) anger
कोविद (kovida) (adj.) skilled, knowledgeable
√क्रम् (kram) (I क्रमति (kramati), -te, क्रामति (krāmati)) to walk, stride
√क्रुध् (krudh) (IV क्रुध्यति (krudhyati)) to be angry
क्रोध (krodha) (m.) anger
क्व (kva) (indc.) where?
क्षण (kṣaṇa) (m.) moment
क्षणेन, (kṣaṇena,) kṣaṇāt immediately, instantly (–› kṣaṇa-)
क्षत्रिय (kṣatriya) (m.) warrior
√क्षम् (kṣam) (I क्षमते (kṣamate)) to endure; forgive; be patient
क्षय (kṣaya) (m.) loss, destruction; dwelling
√क्षि (kṣi) (I क्षयति (kṣayati)) to destroy
√क्षि (kṣi) (II क्षेति (kṣeti); IV क्षियति (kṣiyati)) to dwell, live in
√क्षिप् (kṣip) (VI क्षिपति (kṣipati)) to throw
क्षुद्र (kṣudra) (adj.) mean, vile
क्षेत्र (kṣetra) (n.) field
√खाद् (khād) (I खादति (khādati)) to eat
-ग (-ga) (ifc) going, one who goes
गच्छति (gacchati) he goes (–› √gam)
गज (gaja) (m.) elephant
गण (gaṇa) (m.) group (of any kind): flock, crowd, troop
गत (gata) ta-ptc. of √gam: having gone
गति (gati) (f.) gait, walk; path (–› √gam)
गत्वा, (gatvā,) -gamya abs. of √gam
√गम् (gam) (I गच्छति (gacchati)) to go
अवगम् (avagam) to understand
गरीयस् (garīyas) (comp. adj.) heavier; more valuable
√गागै (gāgai) (IV गायते (gāyate)) to sing (ta-ptc. gīta-)
गिरि (giri) (m.) mountain
गुण (guṇa) (m.) (good) quality, virtue
गुणवत् (guṇavat) (adj.) having (good) qualities, noble
गुरु (guru) (adj.) heavy; important; (m.) teacher
गृह (gṛha) (m./n.) house
√ग्रह् (grah) (IX गृह्णाति (gṛhṇāti)) to seize, take
ग्राम (grāma) (m.) village
घोर (ghora) (adj.) horrible
-घ्न (-ghna) (ifc) killing; one who kills
च (ca) (indc.) and (postposed)
च… (ca…) ca both… and (postposed)
चक्षुस् (cakṣus) (n.) eye
चतुर् (catur) (num.) four
चन (cana) (indc.) turns question pronoun into indefinite
चन्द्र (candra) (m.) moon
चमू (camū) (f.) army
√चर् (car) (I चरति (carati)) to move
√चल् (cal) (I चलति (calati)) to move
चाप (cāpa) (m.) bow (the weapon)
चित् (cit) (indc.) turns question pronoun into indefinite
√चिन्त् (cint) (X चिन्तयति (cintayati)) to think; to worry about
चिन्ता (cintā) (f.) care, worry
चिर (cira) (adj.) long
चिरम् (ciram) (indc.) for a long time
√चुर् (cur) (X चोरयति (corayati)) to steal
चेतस् (cetas) (n.) intellect, thought
छाया (chāyā) (f.) shadow
√छिद् (chid) (VII छिनत्ति (chinatti)) to cut, cut off ; past ptc. chinna- (–› Chapter 34 on form)
-ज (-ja) (ifc) born, one who is born (of)
जगत् (jagat) (n.) world
जघ् (jagh) –› √han
√जन् (jan) (IV जायते (jāyate)) (trans.) to give birth, (intrans.) to be born
जन (jana) (m.) person; pl.: people
जरा (jarā) (f.) old age
जल (jala) (m.) water
जाय (jāya) –› √jan to win, conquer
√जि (ji) (I जयति (jayati)) in control of ones senses (a goal of yoga)
जितेन्द्रिय (jitendriya) √jīv (I जीवति (jīvati)) to live, be alive
जीवित (jīvita) (n.) life
-ज्ञ (-jña) (ifc) knowing, one who knows
√ज्ञा (jñā) (IX जानाति (jānāti)) to know, recognise
ज्ञान (jñāna) (n.) knowledge, wisdom
ततः (tataḥ) (indc.) from that –› then, therefore
तत्त्व (tattva) (n.) truth (lit. that-ness)
तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) (indc.) truly, in truth
तत्र (tatra) (indc.) there; then
तथा (tathā) (indc.) so; thus, in that way; and
तद् (tad) (pron.) he, she, it; this
तदा (tadā) (indc.) then
√तन् (tan) (VIII तनोति (tanoti)) to stretch
√तप् (tap) (I तपति (tapati), -te; IV तप्यति (tapyati)) to heat; be hot, suffer; practise religious austerities
तपस् (tapas) (n.) heat; figuratively: spiritual suffering, asceticism (–› √tap)
तर्हि (tarhi) (indc.) then
तव (tava) (pron.) of you, your (gen. sg.)
तस्मात् (tasmāt) (indc.) thus, therefore
तावत् (tāvat) so long
तिष्ठ (tiṣṭha) pres. stem of √sthā
तीर (tīra) (n.) bank, shore
तु (tu) (indc.) but (postposed)
√तुष् (tuṣ) (IV तुष्यति (tuṣyati)) to enjoy, be pleased with (+ instr. or other cases)
√तॄ (tṝ) (I तरति (tarati)) to cross, to traverse past ptc. tīrṇa- (–› Chapter 34 on form)
अवतॄ (avatṝ) to descend
ते (te) 1) nom.voc.acc. du. fem./ntr and nom. masc. pl. of sa- 2) dat.gen. sg. of tvam you –› to/for/of /by you
तेजस् (tejas) (n.) splendour; majesty; power
तेजस्विन् (tejasvin) (adj) having tejas: splendid, brilliant
√त्यज् (tyaj) (I त्यजति (tyajati)) to leave behind, abandon
√त्रा (trā) (IV त्रायते (trāyate); II त्राति (trāti)) to rescue, protect
त्रि (tri) (num.) three
त्वद् (tvad) (pron.) you
त्वम् (tvam) (pron.) you (nom. sg.)
त्वाम् (tvām) (pron.) you (acc. sg.)
दग्ध-, (dagdha-,) dagdhvā ta-ptc. and abs. of –› √dah to burn
दण्ड (daṇḍa) (m.) stick
दण्डिन् (daṇḍin) (m.) guard (lit. having a stick)
दर्शन (darśana) (n.) sight, view
दश (daśa) (num.) ten
दास (dāsa) (m.) slave, servant
√दह् (dah) (I दहति (dahati)) to burn
√दा (dā) (III ददाति (dadāti)) to give (to + dat., gen. or loc.)
दान (dāna) (n.) gift
दासी (dāsī) (f.) female servant
√दिश् (diś) (VI दिशति (diśati)) to show, point out
दिश् (diś) (f.) direction; region
√दीप् (dīp) (IV दीप्यते (dīpyate)) to shine
दुःख (duḥkha) (adj.) unhappy; (n.) sorrow, misery
दुस् (dus) (prefix) bad (sandhi forms √non-italic; duḥ-, duṣ-, dur-)
दुहितृ (duhitṛ) (f.) daughter
दूत (dūta) (m.) messenger
दूरम् (dūram) (indc.) far away, long ago
√दृश् (dṛś) (IV पश्यति (paśyati)) to see
दृष्टि (dṛṣṭi) (f.) sight; look, glance
देव (deva) (m.) god; lord
देवी (devī) (f.) goddess; lady
देश (deśa) (m.) place, region
देह (deha) (m., n.) body
दोष (doṣa) (m.) fault, harm; (in religious sense:) sin
√द्युत् (dyut) (I द्योतते (dyotate)) to shine
द्रक्ष्यति (drakṣyati) fut. of √dṛś to see
√द्रु (dru) (I द्रवति (dravati)) to run
अभिद्रु (abhidru) (I अभिद्रवति (abhidravati)) to go against, attack
द्वि (dvi) (num.) two
√द्विष् (dviṣ) (II द्वेष्टि (dveṣṭi)) to hate
धनु (dhanu) (m.) bow (i.e. the weapon)
धनुस् (dhanus) (n.) bow (i.e. the weapon)
धर्म (dharma) (m.) (religious) duty, law
√धा (dhā) (III दधाति (dadhāti)) to place, put
धी (dhī) (f.) thought
धीमत् (dhīmat) (adj.) having thought –› wise
√धृ (dhṛ) (X धारयति (dhārayati), I धरति (dharati)) to hold, support; middle: to endure
√धृष् (dhṛṣ) (V धृष्णोति (dhṛṣṇoti)) to be bold; to dare to (+ inf.)
धेनु (dhenu) (f.) cow
न (na) (indc.) not
नक्त (nakta) (n.) night
नगर (nagara) (n.) city, town
नगरी (nagarī) (f.) city
नदी (nadī) (f.) river
√नन्द् (nand) (I नन्दति (nandati)) to be happy, rejoice in (+ instr.)
√नम् (nam) (I नमति (namati)) to bow to (+ dat. or acc.); to bend
नमस् (namas) (n.) respect; adoration; obeisance (–› √nam)
नमस् (namas) √kṛ to pay homage to; to greet
नर (nara) (m.) man
नरक (naraka) (m.) hell
नव (nava) (num.) nine
√नश् (naś) (IV नश्यति (naśyati)) to perish, be destroyed
नामन् (nāman) (n.) name
नाम (nāma) (indc.) called…; supposedly, in name (postposed)
नारी (nārī) (f.) woman
नि (ni) (preverb) down, into
नित्यम् (nityam) (indc.) always, eternally
निधन (nidhana) (n.) end; death
√निन्द् (nind) (I निन्दति (nindati)) to blame
निस् (nis) (preverb) out, forth; (nominal prefix) without, away from (sandhi forms: nir-, niṣ-, niḥ-)
√नी (nī) (I नयति (nayati)) to lead
नृ (nṛ) (m.) man, hero
नृप (nṛpa) (m.) king, leader
नृपति (nṛpati) (m.) king
नेतृ (netṛ) (m.) leader
नेत्र (netra) (n.) eye
पक्ष (pakṣa) (m.) wing
पक्षिन् (pakṣin) (m.) bird
√पच् (pac) (I पचति (pacati)) to cook
पञ्च (pañca) (num.) five
√पत् (pat) (I पतति (patati)) to fall; to fly
पति (pati) (m.) master, lord; husband
पद्म (padma) (m./n.) lotus
पर (para) (pron. adj.) far; other; hostile
परंतप (paraṃtapa) (m.) foe-burner, killer of the enemy (epithet of Arjuna and other epic heroes)
परि (pari) (preverb) around
पर्वत (parvata) (m.) mountain
पशु (paśu) (m.) cattle
पश्यति (paśyati) –› √dṛś
√पा (pā) (I पिबति (pibati)) to drink
फाण्डव (phāṇḍava) (m.) son of Pāṇḍu (one side of the conflict in the Mahābhārata)
पाप (pāpa) (adj.) evil, bad
पार्थिव (pārthiva) (m.) (earthly) ruler
√पाल् (pāl) (X पालयति (pālayati)) to protect
पाल (pāla) (m.) protector
पितृ (pitṛ) (m.) father
पितरौ (pitarau) (m.) parents
पितरः (pitaraḥ) (m.) (fore)fathers, ancestors
पिब (piba) pres. stem of √pā
पुत्र (putra) (m.) son
पुनर् (punar) (indc.) again
पुर (pura) (n.) city, town
पुरा (purā) (indc.) long ago, formerly
पुरुष (puruṣa) (m.) man; servant
√पू (pū) (IX पुनातिपुनीते (punātipunīte)) to purify, cleanse (note: pu-, not pū-)
√पूज् (pūj) (X पूजयति (pūjayati)) to honour, respect, worship
पूजा (pūjā) (f.) honour, respect
पूर्व (pūrva) (pron. adj.) prior, earlier; first
√पृ (pṛ) (IX पृणाति (pṛṇāti)) to fill
पृच्छ् (pṛcch) –›√prach
पृतना (pṛtanā) (f.) battle
पृथिवी (pṛthivī) (f.) earth
पौर (paura) (m.) citizen, city-dweller (–› pura-)
प्र (pra) (preverb) forward
√प्रछ् (prach) (VI पृच्छति (pṛcchati)) to ask (ta-ptc. pṛṣṭa-)
प्रजा (prajā) (f.) child, offspring; (a rulers) subject
प्रज्ञा (prajñā) (f.) knowledge, wisdom
प्रति (prati) (indc.) towards; against (postposed + acc.)
प्रति (prati) (preverb) towards; against; back
प्रथम (prathama) first
प्रदेश (pradeśa) (m.) place, region
प्रभा (prabhā) (f.) splendour; radiance; beauty
प्रमुखतः (pramukhataḥ) (indc.) facing, in front of (+ gen.)
प्रयत्न (prayatna) (m.) effort; attempt
प्रसन्न (prasanna) pleased
प्राज्ञ (prājña) (adj.) wise ( –› prajñā-)
प्राण (prāṇa) (m.) breath; vital breath
प्रिय (priya) (adj.) dear; ones own
फल (phala) (n.) fruit; reward
√badh/√bandh (IX बध्नाति (badhnāti)) to bind, tie
बन्धु (bandhu) (m.) relative, kinsman
बल (bala) (n.) strength; force
बहु (bahu) (adj.) much, many
बान्धव (bāndhava) (m.) relative, kinsman
बाल (bāla) (m.) child, boy
बाला (bālā) (f.) girl, daughter
बाहु (bāhu) (m.) arm
बुद्धि (buddhi) (f.) insight, understanding; mind (–› √budh)
√बुध् (budh) (I बोधति (bodhati)) to wake up; to understand
ब्रह्मन् (brahman) (n.) the universal soul, divine essence; religious knowledge
ब्राह्मण (brāhmaṇa) (m.) wise man, brahmin
√ब्रू (brū) (II ब्रवीति (bravīti)) to speak
पुनर् (punar) √brū to reply, answer
भगवत् (bhagavat) (adj.) fortunate; blessed
भद्र (bhadra) (adj.) good; pleasing; happy
भय (bhaya) (n.) fear (–› √bhī to fear)
भर्तृ (bhartṛ) (m.) husband
√भा (bhā) (II भाति (bhāti)) to appear, to seem; to shine
भार्या (bhāryā) (f.) wife
√भाष् (bhāṣ) (I भाषते (bhāṣate)) to speak, say
√भिद् (bhid) (VII भिनत्ति (bhinatti)) to split
√भी (bhī) (III बिभेति (bibheti)) to fear, be afraid of (+ abl.)
भीम (bhīma) (adj.) frightening, terrible (–› √bhī)
√भुज् (bhuj) (VII भुनक्ति (bhunakti)) to enjoy; eat
भू (bhū) (f.) the earth
√भू (bhū) (I भवति (bhavati)) to be; to become, to come to be
अभिभू (abhibhū) to overpower
भूत (bhūta) (n.) living being, creature
भूमि (bhūmi) (f.) the earth
भूयः (bhūyaḥ) (indc.) again
√भृ (bhṛ) (I भरति (bharati)) to bear, carry
भ्रातृ (bhrātṛ) (m.) brother
मत् (mat) (pron.) I
मति (mati) (f.) mind; thought
√मद् (mad) (IV माद्यति (mādyati), te) to be happy, delight in; be drunk
मध्य (madhya) (n.) middle; waist
√मन् (man) (IV मन्यते (manyate)) to think (–› √man)
मनस् (manas) (n.) mind
मनु (manu) (m.) man, mankind; Manu (the first human)
मनुष (manuṣa) (adj) human; (m.) human being, man
मम (mama) (pron.) of me, my (gen. sg.)
मरण (maraṇa) (n.) death
मरुत् (marut) (m.) wind
मर्त्य (martya) (adj.) mortal; (m.) man
महत् (mahat) (adj.) great (mahā- in compounds)
महा (mahā) (at beg. of cpd) great
महाराज (mahārāja) great king
महीयस् (mahīyas) (comp. adj.) greater, stronger
मा (mā) used to express prohibitions: dont…!
मातृ (mātṛ) (f.) mother
मानुष (mānuṣa) (adj.) human; (m.) human being, man
मानुष्य (mānuṣya) (adj.) human; (m.) human being, man
माम् (mām) (pron.) me (acc. sg.)
माया (māyā) (f.) magic, miracle; illusion
मित्र (mitra) (n.) friend
मुख (mukha) (n.) face; mouth
मुख्य (mukhya) (adj.) main, foremost
√मुच् (muc) (VI मुञ्चति (muñcati)) to release, free
मूर्धन् (mūrdhan) (m.) (fore)head; top; peak
√मृ (mṛ) (IV म्रियते (mriyate)) to die
मृग (mṛga) (m.) deer
मृत (mṛta) ta-ptc. of √mṛ to die: having died; dead
मृत्यु (mṛtyu) (m.) death
मे (me) (pron.) of me, my; for/to/by me
य (ya) (pron.) relative pronoun who, what, which
√यज् (yaj) (I यजति (yajati)) to worship, sacrifice to
यज्ञ (yajña) (m.) worship; sacrifice
√यत् (yat) (I यतते (yatate)) to stretch
यतः (yataḥ) (indc.) from which (time, place, reason); because
यतः… (yataḥ…) tataḥ because… (thus)
यत्न (yatna) (m.) effort, attempt
यत्र (yatra) (indc.) (in which) where; when (relative)
यत्र… (yatra…) tatra where… (there)
यथा (yathā) (indc.) just as; in which way (relative)
यथा… (yathā…) tathā (indc.) as/in which way… so/in that way
यद् (yad) stem form of the relative pron. used in compounds
यदा (yadā) (indc.) when
यदा… (yadā…) tadā when… (then)
यदि (yadi) (indc.) if
यदि… (yadi…) tarhi (indc.) if… then
√यम् (yam) (I यच्छति (yacchati) or यमति (yamati)) to hold; to raise
यशस् (yaśas) (n.) glory, fame
√या (yā) (II याति (yāti)) to go
यावत… (yāvata…) tāvat as long as… (so long)
√युज् (yuj) (VII युनक्ति (yunakti)) to link, join
युद्ध (yuddha) (n.) fight
√युध् (yudh) (IV युध्यते (yudhyate)) to fight
यो (yo) yaḥ (repeated case form of ya-) whoever, whatever etc.
योग (yoga) (m.) combination; yoga (–› √yuj to link –› Chapter 30)
√रक्ष् (rakṣ) (I रक्षति (rakṣati)) to protect
रक्षितृ (rakṣitṛ) (m.) protector
रजस् (rajas) (n.) mist, dust; passion (which clouds the senses)
रण (raṇa) (m.) battle; battle lust; pleasure
रत्न (ratna) (n.) jewel; gift
रथ (ratha) (m.) chariot
रमणीय (ramaṇīya) (adj.) pleasant
रहस् (rahas) (n.) solitude; acc. used as an adverb secretly
राक्षस (rākṣasa) (m.) demon
√राज् (rāj) (I राजति (rājati)) to shine
राजन् (rājan) (m.) king
राज्ञी (rājñī) (f.) queen
णाम (ṇāma) (m.) Rāma, hero of the Rāmāyaṇa epic
रुचिर (rucira) (adj.) shining, splendid
√रुध् (rudh) (VII रुणद्धि (ruṇaddhi)) to obstruct
√रुह् (ruh) (I रोहति (rohati)) to go up, climb, ascend
रूप (rūpa) (n.) form; good form, beauty
रूपवत् (rūpavat) (adj.) shapely, beautiful
√लक्ष् (lakṣ) (X लक्षयति (lakṣayati)) to notice
√लभ् (labh) (I लभते (labhate)) to take
√लिख् (likh) (VI लिखति (likhati)) to write
√लुप् (lup) (VI लुम्पति (lumpati)) to rob
लोक (loka) (m.) world
लोचन (locana) (n.) eye
√वच् (vac) (II वक्ति (vakti)) to speak
प्रतिवच् (prativac) to reply
वचन (vacana) (n.) word, speech (–› √vac)
वचस् (vacas) (n.) speech, word (–› √vac)
√वद् (vad) (I वदति (vadati)) to say, speak to (+ acc.)
प्रतिवद् (prativad) to reply
वन (vana) (n.) forest
वपुस् (vapus) (adj.) beautiful; (n.) form; beauty
वर (vara) (adj.) select, good; (m.) choice, wish; boon (sth. granted as a gift or reward)
वरीयस् (varīyas) better, dearer ( –›√vṛ/vara-)
√वर्ण् (varṇ) (X वर्णयति (varṇayati)) to colour; to describe, depict
वर्ण (varṇa) (m.) colour; caste
√वस् (vas) (I वसति (vasati)) to live (in a place)
वसु (vasu) (adj.) good; excellent; (n.) wealth, goods
√वह् (vah) (I वहति (vahati)) trans.: to carry, draw; intrans.: to travel, drive (in a chariot)
वा (vā) (indc.) or (postposed)
वा… (vā…) vā either… or (postposed)
वाक्य (vākya) (n.) speech; word
वाच् (vāc) (f.) voice
वारि (vāri) (n.) water
वासस् (vāsas) (n.) (piece of) clothing
वि (vi) (preverb) apart, away, out
विक्रम (vikrama) (m.) walk, motion; way, manner
√विद् (vid) (II वेत्ति (vetti)) to know, recognise
√विद् (vid) (VI विन्दति (vindati)) to find
-विद् (-vid) (ifc) knowing, one who knows
विद्युत् (vidyut) (f.) lightning
विना (vinā) (indc.) without (+ instr., abl., acc.)
√विप् (vip) (I वेपते (vepate)) to tremble
वि-प्रिय (vi-priya) (adj.) unpleasant
√विश् (viś) (VI विशति (viśati)) to enter
उपविश् (upaviś) to sit down
प्रविश् (praviś) to enter
विश्व (viśva) (pron. adj.) all, every, entire; (with negation) any
विस्तीर्ण (vistīrṇa) spread out, great; strewn, scattered with (–› √stṝ)
विस्मय (vismaya) (m.) astonishment
वीर (vīra) (m.) man; hero
√वृ (vṛ) (V वृणोति (vṛṇoti)) to cover, surround, restrain
√वृ (vṛ) (IX वृणाति (vṛṇāti)) to choose
वृक्ष (vṛkṣa) (m.) tree
√वृत् (vṛt) (I वर्तते (vartate)) to turn; go on, proceed, advance; to be
√वृध् (vṛdh) (I वर्धति (vardhati)) to grow
√वृष् (vṛṣ) (I वर्षति (varṣati)) to rain
वेद (veda) (m.) knowledge
वेदविद् (vedavid) (adj.) knowing/knowledgeable in the Vedas, one who knows the Vedas
व्याघ्र (vyāghra) (m.) tiger
√शंस् (śaṃs) (I शंसति (śaṃsati)) to praise; recite; say
√शक् (śak) (V शक्नोति (śaknoti)) to be strong; to be able to (+ inf.)
शत (śata) (n.) hundred
शत्रु (śatru) (m.) enemy
शर (śara) (m.) arrow
शरीर (śarīra) (n.) body
शशिन् (śaśin) (m.) moon (lit. having a rabbit) (in several Asian countries, there is a rabbit in the moon, not a man)
शस्त्र (śastra) (n.) weapon
√शास् (śās) (II शास्ति (śāsti); I शासति (śāsati)) to order, instruct
शास्त्र (śāstra) (n.) teaching, (good) advice; (esp. religious) treatise
शिरस् (śiras) (n.) head, top, peak
शिष्य (śiṣya) (m.) student
√शी (śī) (II शेते (śete); I शयते (śayate)) to lie, lie down
शीघ्र (śīghra) (adj.) fast, quick
√शुच् (śuc) (I शोचति (śocati)) to mourn
√शुभ् (śubh) (I शोभति (śobhati), -te, VI शुम्भति (śumbhati)) to decorate; mid.: to make oneself beautiful; be beautiful
शूर (śūra) (adj.) bold, mighty; (m.) hero
शोक (śoka) (m.) grief
शोभन (śobhana) (adj.) beautiful, magnificent
श्री (śrī) (f.) beauty, wealth; Śrī (goddess of beauty and wealth)
√श्रु (śru) (V शृणोति (śṛṇoti)) to listen, hear
श्रुत (śruta) having been heard: ta-ptc. of √śru to listen, hear
श्रेयस् (śreyas) better, superior
श्रेष्ठ (śreṣṭha) best; excellent
श्लोक (śloka) (m.) sound; fame; verse
श्वः (śvaḥ) (indc.) tomorrow
षष् (ṣaṣ) (num.) six
स (sa) (prefix) together with (see note in 15)
सः (saḥ) –› tad
सखी (sakhī) (f.) (female) friend
सत-, (sata-,) sant- pres. act. ptc. of √as; (adj.) true
सत्य (satya) (adj.) true; (n.) truth
√सद् (sad) (I सीदति (sīdati)) to sit, sit down (ta-ptc. sanna- –› 34)
प्रसद् (prasad) to be pleased
सदा (sadā) (indc.) always
सन्न (sanna) –› √sad
सप्त (sapta) (num.) seven
सम् (sam) (preverb) with, together, along
सम (sama) (adj.) same as, like
समीप (samīpa) (adj.) near; (n.) vicinity
समीपे (samīpe) in the vicinity of, near (+ gen.)
समुद्र (samudra) (m.) ocean
सर्व (sarva) (pron. adj.) all, every, entire; (with negation) any (6; 22)
सह (saha) (indc.) with (postposed, + instr.)
सहस्र (sahasra) (n.) thousand
साधु (sādhu) (adj.) good
सिंह (siṃha) (m.) lion
शीता (śītā) (f.) Sītā, Rāmas wife
सीद (sīda) pres. stem of √sad
सु (su) (prefix) good; very
सुख (sukha) (adj.) happy; (n.) pleasure, happiness
सुन्दर-, (sundara-,) (f.) sundarī (adj.) beautiful
सुमनस् (sumanas) (adj.) good-hearted, benevolent
सुर (sura) (m.) god
सुहृद् (suhṛd) (adj.) good-hearted, kind; (m.) friend
सूर्य (sūrya) (m.) sun
√सृ (sṛ) (I सरति (sarati)) to flow
√सृज् (sṛj) (VI सृजति (sṛjati)) to release, let go; to create
सेना (senā) (f.) army
√सेव् (sev) (I सेवते (sevate)) to attend, frequent (a place); to serve
स्कन्ध (skandha) (m.) shoulder (of a person); trunk (of a tree); branch/division (of an army)
√स्तभस्तम्भ् (stabhastambh) (IX स्तभ्नाति (stabhnāti)) to prop up; fix
स्तम्भ (stambha) (m.) pillar, column
√स्तु (stu) (II स्तौति (stauti)) to praise
√स्तॄ (stṝ) (IX स्तृणाति (stṛṇāti), स्तृणीते (stṛṇīte)) to strew, spread (past ptc. stīrṇa-)
स्त्री (strī) (f.) woman
-स्थ (-stha) (ifc.) standing
√स्था (sthā) (I तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati)) to stand
स्थापय (sthāpaya) caus of √sthā
स्थित (sthita) ta-ptc. of √sthā to stand: standing
√स्ना (snā) (II स्नाति (snāti), IV स्नायति (snāyati)) to bathe
√स्निह् (snih) (IV स्निह्यति (snihyati)) to be attached to, feel affection for, love (+ loc.)
स्नेह (sneha) (m.) love, affection
√स्पृश् (spṛś) (VI स्पृशति (spṛśati)) to touch
√स्मि (smi) (I स्मयते (smayate)) to smile
√स्मृ (smṛ) (I स्मरति (smarati)) to remember
विस्मृ (vismṛ) (I विस्मरति (vismarati)) to forget
स्या (syā) pres. pot. stem of √as
स्व (sva) (pron. adj.) ones own (my own, your own etc.) (used also as prefix)
स्वक (svaka) (adj.) ones own
स्वजन (svajana) (m.) ones own people
√स्वप् (svap) (II स्वपिति (svapiti), I स्वपति (svapati)) to sleep
स्वल्प (svalpa) (adj.) small
स्वसृ (svasṛ) (f.) sister
स्वेद (sveda) (m.) sweat
हंस (haṃsa) (m.) goose or swan
हत (hata) having been killed; dead: ta-ptc. of √han
√हन् (han) (II हन्ति (hanti)) to kill
-हन् (-han) (ifc) killing, one who kills
हविस् (havis) (n.) oblation, burnt offering
√हस् (has) (I हसति (hasati)) to laugh
हस्त (hasta) (m.) hand
हस्तिन् (hastin) (m.) elephant
हि (hi) (indc.) indeed, surely (emphatic particle)
हित (hita) ta-ptc. of √dhā
हिम (hima) (m.) snow
हिमवत् (himavat) (adj.) snowy, frosty; (m.) the Himalayas
√हु (hu) (III जुहोति (juhoti)) to pour; sacrifice to (+acc.)
√हृ (hṛ) (I हरति (harati)) to take
हृद् (hṛd) (n.) heart
हृदय (hṛdaya) (n.) heart
√हृष् (hṛṣ) (IV हृष्यति (hṛṣyati)) to be excited, happy
हेतोः (hetoḥ) (indc.) for the sake of (+ gen.)
