This is a Swadesh list of words in afrikaans , compared with that of angol .
For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list .
American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages . To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms . Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.
№ magyar afrikaansedit (207) IPA 1 én ek 2 te jy (informal ) , u (formal )3 ő hy 4 mi ons 5 ti julle (informal ) , u (formal )6 ők hulle 7 ez dié , hierdie 8 az dat , daardie 9 itt hier 10 ott daar 11 ki ?wie (interrogative )12 mi ?wat (interrogative )13 hol ?waar (interrogative )14 mikor ?wanneer (interrogative )15 hogy ?, (hogyan ?)hoe (interrogative )16 nem , ne !nie 17 mind , (minden )alle 18 sok baie , vele 19 néhány party , sekere , sommige 20 kevés min 21 más ander 22 egy een 23 kettő twee 24 három drie 25 négy vier 26 öt vyf 27 nagy groot 28 hosszú lank , lang 29 széles wyd 30 vastag dik 31 nehéz swaar 32 kicsi klein 33 rövid kort 34 szűk nou , smal 35 vékony dun 36 nő vrou 37 férfi man 38 ember mens 39 gyerek kind 40 feleség vrou , gade , eggenoot 41 férj man , gade , eggenoot 42 anya moeder 43 apa vader 44 állat dier 45 hal vis 46 madár voël 47 kutya hond 48 tetű luis 49 kígyó slang 50 féreg wurm 51 fa boom 52 erdő woud , bos 53 bot stok 54 gyümölcs vrug 55 mag saad 56 levél blaar 57 gyökér wortel 58 kéreg bas 59 virág blom 60 fű gras 61 kötél tou , koord 62 bőr vel 63 hús vleis 64 vér bloed 65 csont been 66 zsír vet 67 tojás eier 68 szarv horing 69 farok stert 70 toll veer 71 haj haar 72 fej kop 73 fül oor 74 szem oog 75 orr neus 76 száj mond 77 fog tand 78 nyelv tong 79 köröm nael , vingernael 80 lábfej voet 81 láb been 82 térd knie 83 kéz hand 84 szárny vlerk 85 has maag 86 bél ingewande 87 nyak nek 88 hát rug 89 mell bors 90 szív hart 91 máj lewer 92 iszik drink 93 eszik eet 94 harap byt 95 szopik suig 96 köp spoeg 97 hány kots , opgooi , braak 98 fúj waai , blaas 99 lélegzik asemhaal 100 nevet lag 101 lát sien 102 hall hoor 103 tud weet 104 gondol dink 105 szagol ruik 106 fél (ige)vrees , bang 107 alszik slaap 108 él lewe 109 meghal sterf , doodgaan 110 megöl doodmaak 111 harcol veg 112 vadászik jag 113 üt slaan , tref 114 vág knip , sny 115 hasít kloof 116 szúr steek 117 vakar krap 118 ás grawe 119 úszik swem 120 repül vlieg 121 megy loop , stap , wandel 122 jön kom 123 fekszik lê 124 ül sit 125 áll (ige)staan , opstaan (action )126 fordul draai 127 esik val 128 ad gee 129 tart hou 130 facsar druk 131 dörzsöl vryf 132 mos was 133 töröl vegen 134 húz trek 135 tol stoot 136 dob /hajít gooi 137 köt bind , knoop 138 varr naai 139 számol tel 140 mond sê 141 énekel sing 142 játszik speel 143 lebeg dryf , sweef 144 folyik vloei 145 megfagy vries 146 dagad swel 147 nap son 148 hold maan 149 csillag ster 150 víz water 151 eső reën 152 folyó rivier 153 tó meer 154 tenger see 155 só sout 156 kő klip 157 homok sand 158 por stof 159 föld grond 160 felhő wolk 161 köd mis 162 ég (főnév)lug 163 szél wind , briesie 164 hó sneeu 165 jég ys 166 füst rook 167 tűz vuur 168 hamu as 169 ég (ige)brand 170 út pad 171 hegy berg 172 piros /vörös rooi 173 zöld groen 174 sárga geel 175 fehér wit 176 fekete swart 177 éj nag 178 nap dag 179 év jaar 180 meleg warm 181 hideg koud 182 teli vol 183 új nuut , nuwe 184 régi oud 185 jó goed 186 rossz sleg 187 rohadt vrot 188 piszkos vuil 189 egyenes reguit 190 kerek rond 191 éles skerp 192 tompa stomp 193 sima glad 194 nedves nat 195 száraz droog 196 helyes reg , korrek 197 közel naby 198 távol ver 199 jobb regs 200 bal links 201 -nál , -nél by 202 -ban , -ben in , binne 203 -val , -vel met 204 és en 205 ha as 206 mert omdat 207 név naam
Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Afrikaans –
Albanian –
Amharic –
Antillean Creole –
Arabic:
(Standard Arabic ,
Cypriot ,
Egyptian ,
Moroccan ,
Palestinian ,
Tunisian ) –
Armenian –
Aromanian –
Assamese –
Bangala –
Bashkir –
Basque –
Belarusian –
Bengali –
Berber:
(Tashelhit ) –
Breton –
Buginese –
Bulgarian –
Burmese –
Burushaski –
Cape Verdean –
Catalan –
Cebuano –
Chechen –
Chinese:
(Mandarin ,
Cantonese ,
Gan ,
Min Nan ,
Min Dong ,
Old Chinese ) –
Cornish –
Czech –
Dalmatian –
Danish –
Dutch
(Limburgish ,
Zealandic ) –
Egyptian –
English:
(Old ,
Middle ) –
Elamite –
Estonian –
Faroese –
Fiji Hindi –
Fijian –
Finnish –
Fongbe –
French
(Old French ) –
Frisian –
Friulian –
Galician –
Georgian –
German –
Greek
(Ancient Greek ) –
Guaraní –
Guinea-Bissau Creole –
Gujarati –
Haitian Creole –
Hausa –
Hebrew –
Hindi –
Hittite –
Hmong –
Hungarian –
Icelandic –
Ilocano –
Indonesian –
Irish –
Italian
(Neapolitan ,
Sicilian ) –
Japanese –
Javanese –
Jizhao -
Kashubian –
Khmer –
Konkani –
Korean
(Middle Korean ,
Jeju ) –
Kurdish –
Latin
(Vulgar Latin ) -
Latvian –
Lingala –
Lithuanian –
Lojban –
Low Saxon –
Macedonian –
Makasar –
Malagasy –
Malay –
Maltese –
Manx –
Marathi
(Old Marathi ) –
Mauritian Creole –
Megleno-Romanian –
Mongolian –
Norwegian:
(Bokmål ,
Nynorsk ) –
Ojibwe –
Okinawan –
Ossetian –
Papiamento –
Polish –
Portuguese
(Old Portuguese ) –
Punjabi –
Purepecha –
Quechua –
Romani
(Caló ) -
Romanian –
Russian –
Sanskrit –
Scottish Gaelic –
Serbo-Croatian –
Siberian Tatar –
Slovak –
Slovene –
Somali –
Spanish –
Sranan –
Sumerian –
Sundanese –
Swahili –
Swedish –
Tagalog –
Tahitian –
Tajik –
Temiar –
Thai –
Tocharian B –
Tok Pisin –
Turkish –
Tuvaluan –
Ukrainian –
Vietnamese –
Walloon –
Welsh –
West Coast Bajau –
Yiddish –
Zazaki –
Zulu
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Afroasiatic –
Algonquian and Iroquoian –
Arabic –
Austroasiatic –
Austronesian –
Baltic –
Bantu –
Celtic –
Chumashan and Hokan –
Dené–Yeniseian –
Dravidian –
Finnic –
Formosan –
Frisian –
Germanic –
Hmong-Mien –
Indo-Aryan:
(Middle ,
Early New ) –
Indo-Iranian –
Italian –
Japonic –
Kra–Dai –
Mayan –
Muskogean –
Niger–Congo –
Oto-Manguean –
Paleosiberian –
Pama-Nyungan –
Penutian –
Romance –
Sino-Tibetan:
(Raji-Raute ,
Tibeto-Burman ,
Tibeto-Burman (Nepal) ) –
Kho-Bwa ,
Kuki-Chin –
Slavic –
Siouan and Pawnee –
South American –
Tungusic –
Tupian –
Turkic –
Uralic –
Uto-Aztecan
Constructed auxiliary languages
Esperanto –
Ido –
Interlingua –
Interlingue –
Lingua Franca Nova –
Toki Pona –
Volapük
Reconstructed proto-languages
Proto-Austronesian –
Proto-Balto-Slavic –
Proto-Bantu –
Proto-Basque –
Proto-Germanic –
Proto-Indo-European –
Proto-Indo-Iranian –
Proto-Italic –
Proto-Japanese –
Proto-Mayan –
Proto-Slavic –