This is a Swadesh list of words in román , compared with that of angol .
For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list .
American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages . To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms . Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.
№ magyar románedit (207) IPA 1 én eu 2 te tu 3 ő el 4 mi noi 5 ti voi 6 ők ei 7 ez acesta 8 az acela 9 itt aici 10 ott acolo 11 ki ?cine 12 mi ?ce 13 hol ?unde 14 mikor ?când 15 hogy ?, (hogyan ?)cum 16 nem , ne !nu 17 mind , (minden )tot 18 sok mult 19 néhány niște 20 kevés puțin 21 más alt 22 egy unu 23 kettő doi 24 három trei 25 négy patru 26 öt cinci 27 nagy mare 28 hosszú lung 29 széles larg 30 vastag gros 31 nehéz greu 32 kicsi mic 33 rövid scurt 34 szűk strâmt 35 vékony subțire , slab 36 nő femeie , muiere 37 férfi bărbat 38 ember om 39 gyerek copil 40 feleség soție 41 férj soț 42 anya mamă 43 apa tată 44 állat animal 45 hal pește 46 madár pasăre 47 kutya câine 48 tetű păduche 49 kígyó șarpe 50 féreg vierme 51 fa arbore , copac 52 erdő pădure 53 bot băț 54 gyümölcs fruct 55 mag sămânță 56 levél frunză 57 gyökér rădăcină 58 kéreg scoarță 59 virág floare 60 fű iarbă 61 kötél sfoară , frânghie , coardă 62 bőr piele 63 hús carne 64 vér sânge 65 csont os 66 zsír grăsime 67 tojás ou 68 szarv corn 69 farok coadă 70 toll pană , fulg 71 haj păr 72 fej cap 73 fül ureche 74 szem ochi 75 orr nas 76 száj gură 77 fog dinte 78 nyelv limbă 79 köröm unghie 80 lábfej laba piciorului 81 láb picior 82 térd genunchi 83 kéz mână 84 szárny aripă 85 has burtă , vintre , foale , pântece 86 bél măruntaie 87 nyak gât 88 hát spate 89 mell piept 90 szív inimă 91 máj ficat , mai 92 iszik bea 93 eszik mânca 94 harap mușca 95 szopik suge 96 köp scuipa 97 hány borî , vomita , vărsa 98 fúj sufla 99 lélegzik răsufla , respira 100 nevet râde 101 lát vedea 102 hall auzi 103 tud ști 104 gondol cugeta 105 szagol mirosi 106 fél (ige)se teme 107 alszik dormi 108 él trăi 109 meghal muri 110 megöl ucide , omorî 111 harcol lupta 112 vadászik vâna 113 üt lovi 114 vág tăia 115 hasít despica , spinteca 116 szúr înjunghia 117 vakar zgâria 118 ás săpa , excava 119 úszik înota 120 repül zbura 121 megy merge 122 jön veni 123 fekszik zace 124 ül se așeza , ședea 125 áll (ige)se scula în picioare 126 fordul se întoarce 127 esik cădea 128 ad da 129 tart ține 130 facsar strânge 131 dörzsöl freca 132 mos spăla 133 töröl șterge 134 húz trage 135 tol împinge 136 dob /hajít arunca 137 köt lega 138 varr coase 139 számol număra 140 mond zice , spune 141 énekel cânta 142 játszik juca 143 lebeg pluti 144 folyik curge 145 megfagy îngheța 146 dagad se umfla 147 nap soare 148 hold lună 149 csillag stea 150 víz apă 151 eső ploaie , udătură 152 folyó râu 153 tó lac 154 tenger mare 155 só sare 156 kő piatră 157 homok nisip 158 por praf , pulbere 159 föld pământ 160 felhő nor 161 köd ceață 162 ég (főnév)cer 163 szél vânt 164 hó zăpadă , nea 165 jég gheață , sloi 166 füst fum 167 tűz foc , jar 168 hamu cenușă , scrum 169 ég (ige)arde 170 út drum , cale 171 hegy munte 172 piros /vörös roșu 173 zöld verde 174 sárga galben 175 fehér alb 176 fekete negru , lai 177 éj noapte 178 nap zi 179 év an 180 meleg cald 181 hideg rece , frig 182 teli plin 183 új nou 184 régi vechi 185 jó bun 186 rossz rău , prost 187 rohadt putred , cariat 188 piszkos murdar , jegos 189 egyenes drept 190 kerek rotund 191 éles ascuțit 192 tompa tocit , bont 193 sima neted 194 nedves ud , umed 195 száraz uscat 196 helyes drept 197 közel lângă , apropiat , aproape 198 távol departe 199 jobb drept 200 bal stâng 201 -nál , -nél la , în 202 -ban , -ben în 203 -val , -vel cu 204 és și 205 ha dacă 206 mert deoarece , pentru că 207 név nume
Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Afrikaans –
Albanian –
Amharic –
Antillean Creole –
Arabic:
(Standard Arabic ,
Cypriot ,
Egyptian ,
Moroccan ,
Palestinian ,
Tunisian ) –
Armenian –
Aromanian –
Assamese –
Bangala –
Bashkir –
Basque –
Belarusian –
Bengali –
Berber:
(Tashelhit ) –
Breton –
Buginese –
Bulgarian –
Burmese –
Burushaski –
Cape Verdean –
Catalan –
Cebuano –
Chechen –
Chinese:
(Mandarin ,
Cantonese ,
Gan ,
Min Nan ,
Min Dong ,
Old Chinese ) –
Cornish –
Czech –
Dalmatian –
Danish –
Dutch
(Limburgish ,
Zealandic ) –
Egyptian –
English:
(Old ,
Middle ) –
Elamite –
Estonian –
Faroese –
Fiji Hindi –
Fijian –
Finnish –
Fongbe –
French
(Old French ) –
Frisian –
Friulian –
Galician –
Georgian –
German –
Greek
(Ancient Greek ) –
Guaraní –
Guinea-Bissau Creole –
Gujarati –
Haitian Creole –
Hausa –
Hebrew –
Hindi –
Hittite –
Hmong –
Hungarian –
Icelandic –
Ilocano –
Indonesian –
Irish –
Italian
(Neapolitan ,
Sicilian ) –
Japanese –
Javanese –
Jizhao -
Kashubian –
Khmer –
Konkani –
Korean
(Middle Korean ,
Jeju ) –
Kurdish –
Latin
(Vulgar Latin ) -
Latvian –
Lingala –
Lithuanian –
Lojban –
Low Saxon –
Macedonian –
Makasar –
Malagasy –
Malay –
Maltese –
Manx –
Marathi
(Old Marathi ) –
Mauritian Creole –
Megleno-Romanian –
Mongolian –
Norwegian:
(Bokmål ,
Nynorsk ) –
Ojibwe –
Okinawan –
Ossetian –
Papiamento –
Polish –
Portuguese
(Old Portuguese ) –
Punjabi –
Purepecha –
Quechua –
Romani
(Caló ) -
Romanian –
Russian –
Sanskrit –
Scottish Gaelic –
Serbo-Croatian –
Siberian Tatar –
Slovak –
Slovene –
Somali –
Spanish –
Sranan –
Sumerian –
Sundanese –
Swahili –
Swedish –
Tagalog –
Tahitian –
Tajik –
Temiar –
Thai –
Tocharian B –
Tok Pisin –
Turkish –
Tuvaluan –
Ukrainian –
Vietnamese –
Walloon –
Welsh –
West Coast Bajau –
Yiddish –
Zazaki –
Zulu
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Afroasiatic –
Algonquian and Iroquoian –
Arabic –
Austroasiatic –
Austronesian –
Baltic –
Bantu –
Celtic –
Chumashan and Hokan –
Dené–Yeniseian –
Dravidian –
Finnic –
Formosan –
Frisian –
Germanic –
Hmong-Mien –
Indo-Aryan:
(Middle ,
Early New ) –
Indo-Iranian –
Italian –
Japonic –
Kra–Dai –
Mayan –
Muskogean –
Niger–Congo –
Oto-Manguean –
Paleosiberian –
Pama-Nyungan –
Penutian –
Romance –
Sino-Tibetan:
(Raji-Raute ,
Tibeto-Burman ,
Tibeto-Burman (Nepal) ) –
Kho-Bwa ,
Kuki-Chin –
Slavic –
Siouan and Pawnee –
South American –
Tungusic –
Tupian –
Turkic –
Uralic –
Uto-Aztecan
Constructed auxiliary languages
Esperanto –
Ido –
Interlingua –
Interlingue –
Lingua Franca Nova –
Toki Pona –
Volapük
Reconstructed proto-languages
Proto-Austronesian –
Proto-Balto-Slavic –
Proto-Bantu –
Proto-Basque –
Proto-Germanic –
Proto-Indo-European –
Proto-Indo-Iranian –
Proto-Italic –
Proto-Japanese –
Proto-Mayan –
Proto-Slavic –